The use of in vitro murine models for neuroengineering applications

The human brain comprises about 86 billion neurons organized in well-defined spatial locations that define clusters of neurons (modules). Each cognitive and motor function is possible thanks to the correct interaction among them. The disruption, loss, or alteration of these connections can produce pathological conditions. To understand how the information is transmitted and computed, we need to investigate the communication among the different modules. Another essential feature to understand is how the electrophysiological signals are transmitted is the 3D spatial organization. Many studies make use of in vivo approach, with the obvious limit to study a well-specific circuit. The module activity we observe is always influenced by all its inputs. In this perspective, in vitro engineered models are a powerful tool. They reduce the complexity of the system, keeping the key features of the in vivo environment. In this lesson, I will present a comprehensive understanding of in vitro neuroengineering, focusing on the principles, techniques, and applications of engineering approaches for studying and manipulating neuronal systems in vitro.