Bidirectional brain-machine and brain-body interfaces

Far from being yet one more ‘Brain-X-interface’ in a field that already has considerable nomenclature, Brain-Body Interfaces (BBIs) describe neuroprostheses that allow users to control the movement of their own bodies voluntarily. Brain activity recorded from cortical motor areas using invasive or non-invasive interfaces is translated into motion commands to actuate limbs via electrical stimulation of neuromuscular structures.
Control of the ‘own’ body—as opposed to an external actuator—was reported to be the preferred assistive solution for people with paralysis. It also allows the contingent link between brain activity and body mobilization, creating the conditions to boost restoration at the injured tissue. Building on this hypothesis, studies have shown that BBIs can promote neurological recovery, particularly in stroke survivors and patients with motor-complete SCIs.
In my presentation, I will showcase both invasive and non-invasive BBIs, discussing their current applications and future potential. I will particularly highlight techniques that simultaneously restore motor and sensory functions in individuals with severe sensory motor impairments.